Quick Links

1. Background
2. Simple Search
3. Word List
4. Subject Filter
5. Browse Videos

Background

The Cantonese Aphasia Bank database contains language samples from 149 normal native Cantonese speakers of different ages and education levels and 104 speakers with aphasia of different aphasia types. Participants are asked to describe pictures, tell stories, describe the procedure of making a ham and egg sandwich, narrate an important event in their life and recount their stroke experience (for speakers with aphasia only). Altogether, each normal participant provides eight speech samples and each participant with aphasia provides nine speech samples. All samples are both audio and videotaped. The recordings are orthographically transcribed. Transcriptions are formatted according to the Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts (CHAT). In addition to orthographic transcription, each lexical entry demarcated by a space is annotated for part-of-speech (POS), with automatically generated phonetic transcription in Cantonese Romanization, and an English gloss. The POS tag set in the database has a total of 38 classes as listed in [List of POS tags]. The design of the database allows the user to perform searches through a variety of parameters, such as keywords, POS, Cantonese Romanization (Jyutping), or filter subject in terms of age, gender or education level.

List of POS Tags

POS	Abbreviation	Example with explanation
Functional morphemes
Affix	/	哋 ‘plural marker'
Aspectual marker	asp	過 ‘experiential marker’
Classifier	cl	群 ‘group’
Communicator	co	唔該 ‘thank you’
Conjunction	conj	同 ‘and’
Connective	conn	因為 ‘because’
Demonstrative	dem	嗰 ‘that’
Determiner	det	今 ‘this’
Expression	exp	人生路不熟 ‘feeling out of place’
Filler	fil	gam2aa6
Interjection	int	哎呀 ‘ouch’
Locative	loc	上面 ‘above’
Numeral	num	零 ‘zero’
Onomatopoeia	on	㕵 ‘a bark’
Preposition	prep	透過 ‘through’
Pro-word	pro	大家 ‘each other’
Quantifier	quan	嗮 ‘all’
Sentence final particle	sfp	喎 ‘reported speech’
Structural particle	stprt	地 ‘-ly’
Verbal particle	vprt	添 ‘also’
wh-word	wh	點樣 ‘how’
Adjective
Adjective	adj	得意 ‘funny’
Complex adjective	adj-com	大聲 ‘loud’
Adverb
Adverb	adv	亦都 ‘also’
Adverb of negation	adv-neg	冇 ‘have not’
Noun
Noun (monosyllabic)	n-mono	橋 ‘bridge’
Noun (multisyllabic)	n-multi	天橋 ‘overpath’
Proper noun	n-prop	黃大仙
Verb
Auxilary verb	aux	應該 ‘should’
Directional verb	vdirc	出嚟 ‘come out’
Verb (monosyllabic)	v-mono	掛 ‘hang’
Verb (multisyllabic)	v-multi	志在 ‘care’
Verb (adj+v)	v-adj+v	歡呼 ‘cheer’
Verb (n+v)	v-n+v	心諗 ‘think’
Verb (v+adj)	v-v+adj	整爛 ‘break’
Verb (v+n)	v-v+n	瞓覺 ‘sleep’
Verb (v+v)	v-v+v	到達 ‘arrive’
Verb (v+v+n)	v-v+v+n	瞓醒覺 ‘awake’

Digitized video recordings of telling stories, describing the procedure of making a ham and egg sandwich, and narrating an important event from 98 normal speakers and 96 speakers with aphasia are subjected to annotation of co-verbal gestures. These videos are linked and synchronized with each corresponding orthographic transcription using the EUDICO Linguistic ANnotator (ELAN). Subsequently, all co-verbal gestures appeared are independently annotated with reference to their forms and functions. The gesture tag set in the database has a total of 6 types and 8 functions as listed in [List of gesture annotations].

List of Gesture Annotations

POS	Abbreviation
Forms
Iconic	i
Metaphoric	meta
Deictic	dei
Emblem	em
Beats	be
Non-identifiable	non
Functions
Providing additional information	pro
Enhancing language content	en
Alternate means of communication	alt
Guiding speech flow	gui
Reinforcing prosody of speech	rein
Assisting lexical retrieval	lex
Assisting sentence reconstruction	sent
No specific function	no

The Cantonese AphasiaBank search engine comprises the following tabs: “Subject Filter”, “Subject Profile”, “Search by Word”, “Word List”, and “Browse Videos”. The features and functionalities of these tabs are described here.

Simple Search

A quick and simple search of lexical information can be performed using the “Search by Word” tab. The search can be performed based on a Chinese character, a specific Chinese lexicon, jyutping, transcription, glossary in English, etc.

Search by Keyword

Several search criteria can be defined on this tab. To start with, you may type a simple Chinese keyword in the box “Search Keyword (Chinese). For example, you may search for the keyword “仔”, and leave other parameters unchanged.

The search action will return all instances of the word exactly as “仔”, as follows:

The number of results is shown in the tab heading, like the following:

Match Mode

The match mode parameter lets you adjust the mode of matching. There are matching modes, namely “Exact”, “Starts with”, “Contains” and “Ends with”:

1. “Exact” is the default mode of search. Search results using this matching mode will include a list of utterances where the exact same keyword appears in the database. --- Fig. 3 and “仔”
2. For “Starts with”, any lexical items starting with the keyword entered will be identified.
3. “Contains” mode will search for any lexical items that contain the keyword entered.
4. “Ends with”: any lexical items ending with the keyword entered will be identified.

For example, choosing “Ends with” and entering “仔” as the keyword, results like Fig. 5 will be obtained, where all highlighted lexical items end with “仔”, like “男仔”, “細路仔”, etc.

The columns in the results tell you in which task the utterance is found (“Task”), the word that matches the keyword according to the match mode selected (“Word”), and the actual context where the target word (also highlighted) is contained within the corresponding utterances (“Contents”). The task is displayed in short form here, and corresponds to different tasks as follows:

• BroWn - “Broken Window”
• CatRe - “Cat Rescue”
• CryWf - “The Boy Who Cried Wolf”
• EggHm - “Egg and Ham Sandwich”
• Flood - “Flood”
• ImpEv - “Important Events”
• RefUm - “Refused Umbrella”
• Stroke - “Stroke”
• TorHa - “Tortoise and Hare”

 

Search by Jyutping or English

Other than the basic keyword search using different match modes (1.1), we can also define more search parameters to fine-tune the search action. This can be done by entering any string of Jyutping (A Cantonese Romanization scheme) or English here.

For example, when we enter “zung1” here

and leave the Chinese keyword empty, the following results will be obtained:

We may also enter “boy” here

 and obtain the following results:

These two search criteria are combined into one box for simplicity.

It is also worth noting that both the above Search by Keyword and Search by Jyutping/English are effective at the same time. The same goes for the following search parameters. In other words, these search criteria are overlapping instead of independent parameters. The results are an intersection of all the search parameters rather than a union.

 

Search by Part of Speech

We can define the part of speech of the target word to narrow down the scope of results. For example, when we enter “仔” and specify “v” (i.e. verb) as the part-of-speech, the following will be shown:

The default is “Any POS”.

 

Concordance Length

We can vary the length of utterences to be displayed in the results by adjusting the concordance length parameter.

 

~20 characters

 

 

~100 characters

Please note the number of characters around the search keyword is based on the tagged texts. The tagged raw texts can be examined by turning on the Tag Display.

 

Click on the following button:

 

The button will be toggled to:

 

The result display will be changed accordingly:

Likewise, the display of Chinese texts can be turned on or off, to let you focus on the tags as needed.

Click on this button

The display of Chinese texts will be toggled on or off. When Chinese texts are turned off, the results will look like:

 

Tasks

By default, all transcribed texts of all tasks will be searched. In case only certain tasks are to be included in the search, they can be selected via a pop up selection panel:

 

 

 

Download as Excel

The search results can be downloaded as an MS Excel worksheet so that you can process the results further more conveniently. A sample Excel file is as follows.

The columns are described as follows:

1. cex_id: This is an ID given to each subject's file. If two results have the same cex_id, that means the results are found in the same subject's file.
2. line_id: This is an ID given to each line, or sentence within the subject's file. If two results are found to have the same line_id, that means both results are found in the same sentence.
3. section: This indicates the task performed by the subject
4. speaker: This is usually PAR, indicating the participant in the course of the dialog. Another possibility is INV, for investigator.
5. original: The original texts before tagging.
6. contents: The fully tagged contents, in addition to the original texts
7. filename: The internal file name where the specific results are found

 

Examining File

Each line of result can be clicked to further examine the language sample in which the target word is found. For example, the following passage will be shown:

The original concordance is highlighted, and the whole original transcribed file can be examined by scrolling forward or backward.

Word List

In each search action, the list of target words can be examined in the Word List tab, such as the following case when the word “仔” is searched. More specifically, the columns in the results will include the word list containing keyword “仔” (“Text”), information about morphological tag of these words (“Morphological Tag”), and their corresponding frequency (“frequency”).

The number of entries in the word list is also displayed in the tab heading:

 

Subject Filter

All previous search actions will perform the search over all subjects in the database, i.e. both speakers with aphasia and control subjects. In case you want to narrow the scope of your search according to subjects based on specific subject groups, the “Subject Filter” tab comes into scene.

 

By default, the search parameters are all tuned to include all possible subjects. You may narrow the scope with reference to the following parameters:

1. Subject Type
2. Aphasic Type
3. Gender
4. Age
5. Education
6. ARAT(R)

 

After hitting the Search button, the number of subjects resulted will be shown in the tab heading:

The complete results will also be shown:

By this time, the “Search by Word” will only perform the search among the subjects resulted in this “Subject Filter”. For example, performing the same “仔” search on the above 5 subjects, the following will be resulted, with much fewer results:

 

Clicking any subject on the result list in the Subject Filter will bring you to the Subject Profile tab and further display the details about that subject:

The tab heading will also show the subject being examined.

 

Browse Videos

The video recordings of the subjects taking the task can be viewed in the “Browse Videos” tab, where a simple search form can be found:

Video browsing is independent of other search results

 

By selecting the subject type and the topics, the list of videos will be shown like:

Clicking on the list, a pop up window will appear and the video will start playing.

The video will be played on the left, while a moving window of transcriptions will be displayed on the right. The current sentences spoken by the subject in the video will be highlighted (in yellow), together with the annotation information of gestures employed by the speaker (highlighted in orange). In other words, the video, display of language transcriptions and gesture annotations are synchronized. The transcribed texts can also be clicked for the video to skip to that position approximately.

 

 

Publications [出版文獻]

 

This page provides details to publications and presentations making use of Cantonese Aphasia Bank data and methods.

 

·       Clinical handbook [臨床手冊]

o   Kong, AP.H., & Law, S.P. (2019). Cantonese AphasiaBank: Translating research results to everyday management of aphasia [【粵語失語症數據庫】：由研究結果到失語症的日常管理]. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong (Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences).

[Free download available for registered users] [可供已註冊之用戶免費下載]

 

·       Refereed journal articles [期刊論文]

o   Kong, A.P.H. & Law, S.P. (2019). Cantonese AphasiaBank: An annotated database of spoken discourse and co-verbal gestures by healthy and language-impaired native Cantonese speakers. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 1131-1144.  doi: 10.3758/s13428-018-1043-6

o   Kong, A.P.H. & Wong, C.W.-Y. (2018). An integrative analysis of spontaneous storytelling discourse in aphasia: Relationship with listeners’ rating and prediction of severity and fluency status of aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27, 1491-1505. doi:10.1044/2018_AJSLP-18-0015

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.-P., & Chak, G.W.-C. (2017). A comparison of co-verbal gesture use in oral discourse among speakers with fluent and non-fluent aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 60, 2031-2046. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0093

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., & Cheung, C.K.-Y. (2019). Use of co-verbal gestures during word finding difficulty among Cantonese speakers with fluent aphasia and unimpaired controls. Aphasiology, 33(2), 216-233. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2018.1463085

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.-P., Kwan, C.C.Y., Lai, C., & Lam, V. (2015). A coding system with independent annotations of gesture forms and functions during verbal communication: Development of a Database of Speech and GEsture (DoSaGE). Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 39(1), 93-111. doi: 10.1007/s10919-014-0200-6

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., Wat, W.K.C., & Lai, C. (2015). Co-verbal gestures among speakers with aphasia: Influence of aphasia severity, linguistic and semantic skills, and hemiplegia on gesture employment in oral discourse. Journal of Communication Disorders, 56, 88-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.06.007

o   Kong, A.P.H., Linnik, A., Law, S., & Shum, W. (2018). Measuring discourse coherence in anomic aphasia using Rhetorical Structure Theory. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20(4), 406-421. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2017.1293158 

o   Lai, C.C.T., Law, S.P., & Kong, A.P.H. (2017). A quantitative study of right dislocation in Cantonese spoken discourse. Language and Speech, 60(4), 633-642. doi: 10.1177/0023830916688028  

o   Law, S.-P., Kong, A.P.H., & Lai, C. (2018). An analysis of topics and vocabulary in Chinese oral narratives by normal speakers and speakers with fluent aphasia. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 32(1), 88-99. doi: 10.1080/02699206.2017.1334092

o   Law, S.-P., Kong, A.P.H., Lai, L.W.S., & Lai, C. (2015). Effects of context and word class on lexical retrieval in Chinese speakers with anomic aphasia. Aphasiology, 29(1), 81-100. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2014.951598  

 

·       Textbook / Book chapters [教科書 / 書籍章節]

o   Kong, A.P.H. (2016). Analysis of neurogenic disordered discourse production: From theory to practice. New York, NY: Routledge Psychology Press.

o   Kong, A.P.H. (2017). Aphasia. In R. Sybesma, W. Behr, Y.G. Gu, Z. Handel, C.T.J. Huang., & J. Myers, (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Chinese language and linguistics (Volume 1: A–Dǎi) (pp. 162-169). The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.

o   Law, S.P. & Kong, A.P.H. (2019). Chinese and aphasia. In C.-R. Huang, Z. Jing-Schmidt, & B. Meisterernst (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of Chinese applied linguistics (pp. 567-588). New York, NY: Routledge.

 

·       Language coRpora [語言語料庫]

o   Kong, A.P.H., & Law, S.P. (since 2015). Cantonese AphasiaBank. http://www.speech.hku.hk/caphbank/search/

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., & MacWhinney, B. (since 2014). Chinese corpora (linguistic data with audio and video files) of spontaneous narratives from Cantonese speakers with aphasia. https://aphasia.talkbank.org/access/Cantonese/Aphasia.html  doi:10.21415/T5P309

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., & MacWhinney, B. (since 2010). Chinese corpora of spontaneous narratives from normal native Cantonese speakers. https://aphasia.talkbank.org/access/Cantonese/Control.html  doi:10.21415/T5401P

o   Law, S.P., Kong, A.P.H., & MacWhinney, B. (since 2010). A Cantonese (yue) morphological parser for linguistic analysis. http://talkbank.org/morgrams/

 

·       Refereed conference proceedings [專業會議論文集]

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., Lo, L. L.-F., & Li, W. W.-T. (2018). A multi-level analysis of spoken discourse production in healthy Cantonese speaking adults. In B. Rapp (Ed.), Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (pp. 154-156). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2018.228.00048  

o   Qin, Y., Lee, T., Kong, A.P.H., & Law, S.P. (2018). Application of automatic speech recognition (ASR) techniques for automatic speech assessment in people with aphasia. In B. Rapp (Ed.), Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (pp. 241-243). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2018.228.00082 

o   Qin, Y., Lee, T., Feng, S. & Kong, A.P.H. (2018). Automatic speech assessment for people with aphasia using TDNN-BLSTM with multi-task learning. Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2018, 3418-3422.

o   Qin, Y., Lee, T., & Kong, A.P.H. (2018). Automatic speech assessment for aphasic patients based on syllable-level embedding and supra-segmental duration features. Proceedings of ICASSP 2018, 5994-5998.

o   Qin, Y., Lee, T., Wu, Y., & Kong, A.P.H. (2018). An end-to-end approach to automatic speech assessment for people with aphasia. Proceedings of 2018 11th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP).

o   Fung, H.K.-H., Ho, G.P.-C., Kong, A.P.H., & Law, S.P. (2017). Applying Main Concept Analysis (MCA) to analyze spoken discourse by Cantonese speakers with aphasia and unimpaired individuals. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2017.223.00077  

o   Qin, Y., Lee, T., Kong, A., & Law, S.P. (2016). Towards automatic assessment of aphasia speech using Automatic Speech Recognition techniques. 2016 10th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP), Tianjin, 1-4. doi: 10.1109/ISCSLP.2016.7918445

o   Kong, A. & Law, S. (2016). Conducting corpus-based analyses of linguistic, acoustic, and co-verbal performances in aphasia using the Cantonese AphasiaBank database. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2016.68.00014  

o   Cheung, C., Kong, A., & Law, S. (2016). Can co-verbal gestures facilitate word finding difficulties during production of spontaneous discourse? Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2016.68.00019 

o   Lee, T., Liu, Y., Huang, P.-W., Chien, J.-T., Lam, W.K., Yeung, Y.T., Law, T.K.T., Lee, K.Y.S., Kong, A.P.H., & Law, S.P. (2016). Automatic speech recognition for acoustic analysis and assessment of Cantonese pathological voice and speech. Proceedings of the 41st IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2016), 6475-6479. doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7472924

o   Lee, T., Lam, W. K., Kong, A.P.H., & Law, S.P. (2015). Analysis of intonation patterns in Cantonese aphasia speech. Proceedings of the 18th Oriental International Committee for the Co-ordination and Standardization of Speech Databases and Assessment Techniques (COCOSDA) Conference, 86-89. doi: 10.1109/ICSDA.2015.7357870   

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., & Chak, G. (2015). An investigation of the use of co-verbal gestures in oral discourse among Chinese speakers with fluent versus non-fluent aphasia and healthy adults. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2015.65.00079  

o   Lee, T., Kong, A.P.H., & Lam, W.K. (2015). Measuring prosodic deficits in oral discourse by speakers with fluent aphasia. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2015.65.00047 

o   Kong, A.P.H., Linnik, A., Law, S., & Shum, W. (2014). Measuring the coherence of healthy and aphasic discourse production in Chinese using Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2014.64.00028

o   Lee, T., Kong, A.P.H., & Wang, H. (2014). Duration of content and function words in oral discourse by speakers with fluent aphasia: Preliminary data. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2014.64.00039

o   Law, S., Kong, A.P.H., Lai, L., & Lai, C. (2013). Production of nouns and verbs in picture naming and narrative tasks by Chinese speakers with aphasia. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 94, 63-64.

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S., Wat, W., & Lai, C. (2013). Employment of gestures in spontaneous verbal discourse by speakers with aphasia. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 94, 200-201.

o   Lee, T., Kong, A.P.H., Chan, V.C.F., & Wang, H. (2013). Analysis of auto-aligned and auto-segmented oral discourse by speakers with aphasia: A preliminary study on the acoustic parameter of duration. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 94, 71-72.

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S., Kwan, C., Lai, C., Lam, V., & Lee, A. (2012). A novel approach to analyze gesture forms and functions in spontaneous oral discourse production of normal speakers. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 61, 242-243.

o   Lee, A., Kong, A.P.H., & Law, S. (2012). Using forced alignment for automatic acoustic-phonetic segmentation of aphasic discourse. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 61, 92-93.

o   Kong, A.P.H., Law, S.P., & Lee, A.S.Y. (2010). An investigation of use of non-verbal behaviors among individuals with aphasia in Hong Kong: Preliminary data. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 6, 57-58.

 

·       theses [學生論文]

·      Qin, Y. (2020). “Automatic assessment of language impairment in narrative spontaneous speech”. Ph.D. thesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Electronic Engineering.

·      邓宝梅。 (2019) 。【基于普通话失语症语料库的话语研究】。硕士学位论文，南京医科大学 Nanjing Medical University，第一临床医学院。

·      赖庆玲。(2019)。【基于普通话失语库的命名性失语和健康对照话语特征探析】“Exploratory analysis of discourses in persons with anomic aphasia and health controls based on Mandarin AphasiaBank”。硕士学位论文，南京医科大学Nanjing Medical University，第一临床医学院。

·      Lam, K. W.-S. (2019). “A multi-level analytic approach to discourse production – normative performance and task effects”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·      陈珍珍 。(2018)。【命名性失语的汉语普通话语料库构建】“Construction of Chinese Mandarin corpus with anomic aphasia”。硕士学位论文，南京医科大学Nanjing Medical University，第一临床医学院。

·      Li, W. W.-T. (2018). “Discourse production as a function of genre – picture sequence description vs. story-telling: An application of a multi-level analytic approach”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·      Lo, L., L.-F. (2018). “Discourse production of healthy Cantonese speakers: An application of a multi-level analytic approach”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·      Lam, J. K.-K. (2017). “Analysis of error production in Cantonese speakers with aphasia: Manifestation at the single word-, sentence-, to narrative-level performance”. Master thesis, The Education University of Hong Kong, Department of Special Education and Counselling.

·      Wong, N. Y.-L. (2017). “Local and global coherence of Cantonese fluent aphasic discourse in tasks of story narrative and personal event narrative”. Master thesis, The Education University of Hong Kong, Department of Special Education and Counselling.

·      Wong, S. N.-S. (2017). “The role of verb retrieval for sentence production in Cantonese-Chinese agrammatic aphasia and its implication to language treatment”. Master thesis, The Education University of Hong Kong, Department of Special Education and Counselling.

·       Wong, C. W.-Y. (2017). “Measurement of main concepts, linguistic properties and story grammar of spontaneous story-telling discourse in PWA: Relationship with aphasia severity and native listeners’ rating”. Master thesis, The Education University of Hong Kong, Department of Special Education and Counselling.

·       Fung, H. K.-H. (2017). “Applying Main Concept Analysis (MCA) to analyze storytelling and procedural description by Cantonese-speaking people with aphasia and controls from Cantonese AphasiaBank”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Ho, G. P.-C. (2017). “Applying Main Concept Analysis (MCA) to assess picture description of unimpaired speakers of Cantonese and those with aphasia”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Yeung, C. C.-L. (2016). Undergraduate thesis “An evidence-based approach to blended learning model for aphasia naming rehabilitation”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Cheung, C. K.-Y. (2016). Undergraduate thesis “Investigation of the role of co-verbal gestures in lexical retrieval in connected speech in normal speakers and speakers with aphasia”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Chak, G. W.-C. (2015). Undergraduate thesis “A comparison of co-verbal gestures employment in oral discourse among normal speakers, speakers with fluent aphasia and speakers with non-fluent aphasia”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Shum, W. W.-M. (2014). Undergraduate thesis “Measuring the coherence of normal and aphasic discourse production in Chinese using Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST)”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Wat, W. K.-C. (2013). Undergraduate thesis “A comparison of co-verbal gestures employment in oral discourse among normal speakers and speakers with aphasia”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Ang, W. W.-L. (2013). Undergraduate thesis “Processing of classifiers and aspect markers for fluent and non-fluent aphasic Cantonese speakers”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·       Lai, L. W.-S. (2013). Undergraduate thesis “Noun and verb production of Cantonese normal and aphasic speakers in confrontation naming and oral narratives”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.

·      Kwan, C. C.-Y. (2012). Undergraduate thesis “A systematic quantification of gesture employment in normal Cantonese speakers: A multi-directional analysis of forms and functions”. Undergraduate thesis, University of Hong Kong, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences.